顆粒(li)稀(xi)釋器(qi)在(zai)潔(jie)凈(jing)室及大量顆粒(li)測(ce)量任(ren)務(wu)中(zhong)經(jing)常(chang)需(xu)要(yao)準確稀釋氣(qi)溶(rong)膠(jiao)顆粒(li),且(qie)要(yao)求氣(qi)溶(rong)膠(jiao)稀釋(shi)前(qian)後(hou)粒徑(jing)分(fen)布保持(chi)不(bu)變;有時,借助氣(qi)溶(rong)膠(jiao)稀釋(shi),可(ke)利(li)用(yong)同(tong)壹測量(liang)裝(zhuang)置(zhi),測(ce)得(de)高(gao)和低兩(liang)種顆粒(li)濃(nong)度(du)的氣(qi)溶(rong)膠(jiao)。
顆粒(li)稀(xi)釋器(qi)通過壹個細(xi)的毛細管(guan)采集(ji)壹部(bu)分(fen)氣(qi)溶(rong)膠(jiao)顆粒(li),毛細管(guan)流(liu)動比率保(bao)持(chi)不(bu)變,其(qi)余部(bu)分(fen)的(de)氣(qi)溶(rong)膠(jiao)通過旁路被(bei)HEPA過濾器(qi)過濾掉,然後(hou)將毛細管(guan)和(he)旁路兩(liang)股(gu)氣(qi)流(liu)進(jin)行均勻混合(he),使(shi)得(de)毛細管(guan)中(zhong)的顆粒(li)濃(nong)度(du)得(de)以(yi)稀釋。保(bao)持(chi)壹定的(de)毛細管(guan)與(yu)旁(pang)路的(de)比(bi)率(lv),就(jiu)能(neng)形(xing)成固(gu)定(ding)的(de)顆粒(li)稀(xi)釋比(bi)。
顆粒(li)稀(xi)釋器(qi)揮發(fa)性(xing)可以影響顆粒(li)在(zai)大氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)壽(shou)命(ming),對(dui)大氣(qi)顆粒(li)物(wu)中二(er)次氣(qi)溶(rong)膠(jiao)的形(xing)成機(ji)制(zhi)研(yan)究(jiu)有壹定的(de)參考(kao)價值(zhi)。以(yi)往(wang)研(yan)究(jiu)測量(liang)顆粒(li)揮發(fa)性(xing)采用(yong)的是(shi)熱(re)熔蝕器(qi),其(qi)活性(xing)炭吸附(fu)器(qi)壹旦(dan)老化後(hou),在(zai)較高(gao)溫(wen)度(du)下可(ke)能會(hui)釋放出(chu)活(huo)性(xing)炭,造成(cheng)測量失(shi)真(zhen)。顆粒(li)稀(xi)釋器(qi)研究(jiu)針(zhen)對(dui)熱熔蝕器(qi)的上(shang)述(shu)缺(que)點(dian),以(yi)稀釋器(qi)替代活(huo)性(xing)炭吸附(fu)器(qi)部(bu)分(fen),與(yu)單(dan)顆粒(li)氣(qi)溶(rong)膠(jiao)質譜儀(yi)(SPAMS)連接,建立(li)了壹種在(zai)線分析單個氣(qi)溶(rong)膠(jiao)顆粒(li)揮發(fa)性(xing)的測量(liang)方法。氣(qi)溶(rong)膠(jiao)顆粒(li)分(fen)別通(tong)過兩個(ge)通(tong)道進入(ru)SPAMS分(fen)析顆粒(li)信(xin)息。通道1,氣(qi)溶(rong)膠(jiao)顆粒(li)由(you)管(guan)路進(jin)入(ru)加(jia)熱(re)器(qi),被加熱(re)至(zhi)不(bu)同(tong)的溫(wen)度(du),顆粒(li)揮發(fa)產生(sheng)的氣(qi)體(ti)和揮發(fa)後(hou)的(de)顆粒(li)內核進入(ru)稀(xi)釋(shi)器(qi)部(bu)分(fen),利(li)用(yong)幹(gan)凈(jing)幹(gan)燥冷(leng)的(de)稀(xi)釋氣(qi)對(dui)加熱(re)揮發(fa)後(hou)的(de)氣(qi)體(ti)和顆粒(li)進(jin)行稀釋(shi),使顆粒(li)溫(wen)度(du)降低並(bing)短(duan)時(shi)間內不(bu)與(yu)氣(qi)體(ti)發(fa)生(sheng)冷凝(ning),後進入(ru)SPAMS進(jin)行檢測(ce)。通道2為(wei)單獨(du)矽膠(jiao)管(guan),其(qi)長(chang)度(du)與(yu)通(tong)道1相同(tong),氣(qi)溶(rong)膠(jiao)顆粒(li)通(tong)過通道2直接進(jin)入(ru)SPAMS檢(jian)測(ce)。通(tong)過對(dui)比通(tong)道1和通(tong)道2獲得(de)的(de)顆粒(li)信(xin)息(粒徑(jing)、數(shu)目(mu)和(he)質譜信息等),得(de)到氣(qi)溶(rong)膠(jiao)顆粒(li)在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)溫度(du)下的(de)揮發(fa)性(xing)。顆粒(li)稀(xi)釋器(qi)實驗室用(yong)標準(zhun)物(wu)質進行評估測(ce)試,結果表明(ming),顆粒(li)稀(xi)釋器(qi)采用(yong)稀釋(shi)器(qi)可以避(bi)免活(huo)性(xing)炭吸附(fu)器(qi)使用(yong)時間變(bian)長(chang)而(er)失(shi)效,防止(zhi)揮發(fa)性(xing)物(wu)質冷凝回(hui)到顆粒(li)中(zhong)。
顆粒(li)稀(xi)釋器(qi)是(shi)便攜(xie)式稀釋(shi)器(qi),這(zhe)種顆粒(li)稀(xi)釋器(qi)的稀釋(shi)比(bi)可調(tiao),可(ke)以滿足不(bu)同(tong)客戶不(bu)同(tong)環(huan)境(jing)的需(xu)求,覆蓋(gai)範圍從(cong)小型潔(jie)凈(jing)單元(yuan)到大型潔(jie)凈(jing)室送(song)風(feng)系統的HEPA過濾器(qi)測試。顆粒(li)稀(xi)釋器(qi)可形(xing)成穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)稀(xi)釋比(bi),有效地(di)保護計(ji)數器(qi)。